This medication page has a great deal of information for you to get started however, your best source of information should come from your doctor. We do not promote or discriminate the use of medication, we wish to inform you of the benefits and possible health risks that can be a direct result of administering Ritalin and other psychiatric drugs to children. As a parent, you need to take an active role in your child’s medical treatment. Being informed will help you and your child with making informed decisions to best suit the child’s needs. For medical treatments to be effective both you and your child should feel comfortable with the doctor. Your child should have an open, trusting relationship with the doctor so that the child will be able to speak freely about any medical needs or concerns they may have. Parents and children should be properly inform by the doctor of the risks and possible side effects of medication so your child can recognize them if they were to occur. Be a careful observer and monitor your child’s medications effectiveness. Medical treatment when absolutely necessary can help most children and can bring beneficial effects as well as an assortment of unwanted side effects. Working together with your child, your child’s physician and school is an (Absolute Must) for your child to have the most effective treatment plan.
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The information, educational materials, monographs, services, data, artwork, text, video, audio, or pictures contained on this web site is provided for informational purposes only. The information and materials on this site are provided for general information purposes and may not be relied on as a substitute for actual professional medical advice, care or treatment. Information on this web site is subject to change without prior notice. Although every reasonable effort is made to present current and accurate information, we make no guarantees that the Information is not in fact current and accurate, nor does this site make any other guarantees. The web site may contain information that is created and maintained by a variety of sources external to the foster parent associations’ web site. We do not moderate these other sites, which may contain the personal opinions and other expressions of the persons who post the entries appearing on those sites. This site does not control, monitor, or guarantee the information contained in these sites, or information contained in links to other external web sites, and does not endorse any views expressed therein or any products or services offered therein. Proceed with caution and do your own research. Adhd Psychostimulant Drugs - Some Uncomfortable Facts for Parents
Ritalin
Health Canda Advisory: ADHD drugs are generally safe and provide benefits for Canadians and their treatment of ADHD when used as directed. Decisions about taking any of the drugs are best made in consultation with a physician. Before using these drugs, patients should inform their doctor if they are involved in strenuous exercise or activities, are using other drugs for ADHD, have certain heart-related conditions or have a family history of sudden cardiac death. Health Canada stresses that patients should not stop taking ADHD medication without first consulting their doctors.All ADHD drugs stimulate the heart and blood vessels (cardiovascular system). The effects are usually mild or moderate, but in some patients, this stimulation may - in rare cases - result in cardiac arrests, strokes or sudden death.Patients taking ADHD drugs should consult with their physician if they have any questions or concerns. Read Health Canada: www.hc-sc.gc.ca.
The FDA has received reports establishing an association between ADHD medications and sudden death, strokes, hypertension, and heart attacks in both adults and children. In February of 2006, 81 deaths resulting from the use of ADHD drugs were reported to the FDA. Between 1999 and 2003, 45 non-fatal cardiovascualr events related to ADHD drugs were reported. It was recommended that black-box warnings be attached to all packaging of stimulant drugs like Adderal, Ritalin, and Concentra. After stroke or traumatic damages, both necrotic and apoptotic neuronal death cause a loss of functions including memory, sensory perception, and motor skills. From the fact that necrosis has a nature to expand, while apoptosis to cease the cell death cascade in the brain Read More
Parents need to be well infromed of the harsh side effects of ADHD medications Adderall, Ritalin, and Concentra before allowing their child to be prescribed these drugs. Studies have demonstrated devistating reactions in young children, and it is not known if previously mentioned medications have adverse effects on the development of a young child’s brain. Furthermore, all ADHD medications are closely related to illegal drugs including dextroamphetamine (Dexedriene or dexies); methamphetamines (crystal meth); and cocaine. It is in a parent’s best intrests to seek drug-free alternative treatment before allowing a doctor to push such drugs on their child.
What is Tardive Dyskinesia?Drug Induced Movement Disorders Hyperkinetic movement disorders misdiagnosed as tics in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. OBJECTIVE: To describe the gamut of movements misdiagnosed as tic exacerbations in Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (GTS) in a referral tertiary-care center. BACKGROUND: Movements seen in GTS can be classified as: (a) tics; (b) movements related to conditions associated with GTS, specifically obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and antisocial behaviors; and (c) movements secondary to treatment. METHODS: We reviewed a videotape database and patient records from a tertiary treatment center for GTS and collected GTS cases referred for disease exacerbation who had both tics and non-tic movements thought by the referring physician, the patient, and the family to be an exacerbation of tics. RESULTS: Of 373 GTS cases, 12 had movement disorders secondary to treatment, and six had non-tic movements related to conditions commonly associated with GTS. In the former group, there were 7 patients with acute akathisia, 3 with acute dystonia, 1 with tardive chorea, 1 with withdrawal emergent chorea, and 5 with tardive dystonia. Six had movement disorders related to non-tic conditions commonly associated with GTS: four patients had movements associated with OCD, one with ADHD and antisocial behavior, respectively. CONCLUSION: There is a broad spectrum of movements in GTS that are not tics but can be misdiagnosed as tics. Clinical awareness of these movements is paramount to proper diagnosis and pharmacologic intervention. Studies of tardive dyskinesia in children refer to three additional neuroleptic withdrawal syndromes or "withdrawal emergent symptoms"Epilepsy and Movement Disorders - Google Books ResultNeurobehavioural Disorders: Handbook of Clinical Neurology Series - Google Books Resultapraxia
Suicide is a major complication of withdrawal from Ritalin and similar amphetamine-like drugs.
Note: The U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) classifies methylphenidate, the generic name for Ritalin, Concerta, Metadate and Methylin, as a Schedule II narcotic in the same abuse category as morphine, opium and cocaine.Methylphenidate is amphetamine-like because it is very similar in chemical structure to amphetamine and how it effects the body. The DEA says that it is structurally and pharmacologically similar to cocaine. An amphetamine’s chemical structure resembles natural stimulants in the body, like adrenaline. However, as a drug, it alters the natural system and can reduce appetite and fatigue and “speed” you up. A stimulant (psychostimulant) refers to any mind-altering chemical or substance that affects the central nervous system by speeding up the body’s functions, including the heart and breathing rates. Stimulants are most often prescribed to children for the so-called condition Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). In children, however, stimulants appear to act as suppressants, but psychiatrists and doctors have no idea why. A 1999 study published in Science Journal, determined: “The mechanism by which psychostimulants act as calming agents…is currently unknown.”
NON-STIMULANT“ADHD” Drugs:
Celexa (citalopram), Strattera (atomoxetine) and Wellbutrin (buproprion HCL) are all antidepressants prescribed to treat “ADHD” and are covered in the section on new antidepressants (page 8). Strattera is the only one the FDA has approved for treating ADHD and carries serious warnings (page 15).
GENERALWARNINGSANDSTUDIESONPSYCHOSTIMULANTS:
June 28, 2005: The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identified possible safety concerns with methylphenidate (Ritalin, Adderall, Concerta, etc.) drug products. Specifically noted were psychiatric adverse effects when prescribed to treat “ADHD,” such as visual hallucinations, suicidal ideation, psychotic behavior, aggression and violent behavior.
September 13, 2005: The Oregon Health & Science University, Evidence-Based Practice Center published the findings of its review of 2,287 studies—virtually every study ever conducted on ADHD drugs—and found that no trials had shown the effectiveness of these drugs and that there was a lack of evidence that they could affect “academic performance, risky behaviors, social achievements, etc.” Further, “We found no evidence on long-term safety of drugs used to treat ADHD in young children” or “adolescents.”
January 5, 2006: The FDA said it had received reports of sudden deaths, strokes, heart attacks and hypertension (high blood pressure) in both children and adults taking ADHD drugs and asked its Drug Safety and Risk Management advisory committee to examine the potential of cardiovascular (heart) risks of the drugs.7
February 4, 2006: A University of Texas study published in Pediatric Neurology reported cardiovascular problems in people taking stimulants.
February 9, 2006: The FDA’s Drug Safety and Risk Management Advisory Committee urged that the FDA’s strongest “black box” warning be issued for stimulants because they may cause heart attacks, strokes and sudden death.
March 22-23, 2006: Two FDA advisory panels held hearings into the risk of stimulants and another new ADHD drug called Sparlon (Provigil). Between January 2000 and June 30, 2005, the FDA had received almost 1,000 reports of kids experiencing psychosis or mania while taking the drugs. The first panel recommended stronger warnings against stimulants, emphasizing these should appear on special handouts called “Med Guides” (Medication Guides) that doctors must give to patients with each prescription. The second committee recommended against approval of Sparlon.
March 28, 2006: The Australian Therapeutic Goods Administration reported 400 adverse reactions to stimulants in children taking them, including strokes, heart attacks and hallucinations.
December 2007: A study in the journal Pediatrics concluded: “[S]timulants were associated with an increase in cardiac emergency department visits.”
February 2008: A study in Arthritis & Rheumatism, entitled, “Association between treatment with central nervous system [CNS] stimulants and Raynaud’s Syndrome [RS*] in children: a retrospective case-control study of rheumatology [disorder of the muscles, tendons, joints, bones, or nerves, characterized by discomfort and disability] patients,” concluded: “[T]here is a significant association between development of RS and therapy with CNS stimulants used for the treatment of ADHD.”[*RS: Discoloration of the fingers and/or toes after changes in temperature or emotional events due to abnormal spasms of the blood vessels resulting in lost blood supply to the area.
Abuse of Stimulants:
The FDA requires stimulants such as Ritalin and Adderall to carry a boxed warning that states the drug is “a federally controlled substance because it can be abused or lead to dependence. Keep RITALIN [Adderall] in a safe place to prevent misuse and abuse.”
August 2001: A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association concluded that methylphenidate is chemically similar to cocaine.Children who took stimulants were more likely to start smoking or use cocaine and continue these habits into adulthood.
April 2005: Partnership for a Drug-Free America released the findings of its survey, which determined that 10% (2.3 million) of teens had abused Ritalin and Adderall.
February 25, 2006: A study in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence revealed that seven million Americans were estimated to have abused stimulant drugs and a substantial amount of teenagers and young adults appeared to show signs of addiction.
WARNINGSANDSTUDIESONSPECIFICPSYCHOSTIMULANTS:
ADDERALL(amphetamine and dextroamphetamine):
Adderall is an amphetamine mixture that has been linked to violent behavior when, in 2000, a North Dakota judge acquitted 26-year-old Ray Ehlis of murdering his 5-week-old daughter after two independent psychiatrists testified he was suffering a severe psychosis induced by Adderall.
June 2004: The FDA ordered that the packaging for Adderall include a warning about sudden cardiovascular deaths, especially in children with underlying heart disease.
February 9, 2005: Health Canada, the Canadian counterpart of the FDA, suspended marketing of Adderall XR (Extended Release, given once a day) due to reports of 20 sudden unexplained deaths (14 in children) and 12 strokes (2 in children) in patients taking Adderall or Adderall XR. However, in August 2005, Health Canada agreed to reinstate the marketing authorization with a number of revisions to the labeling to warn against the use of Adderall XR in patients with structural heart abnormalities and advised about the dangers of misusing amphetamines.20 The FDA warned that as Adderall is an amphetamine, it has a “high potential for abuse. Taking amphetamines for long periods of time may lead to drug addiction.” Further, Adderall should never be taken
The school year can be an especially troubling time for children diagnosed with ADHD. Fortunately, with the right balance of therapies, many children have gotten back on track to scholastic success. Join our panel as they take a look at how different treatment options can help your child in school.
Children and Teens Effective treatment of AD/HD in children and teens requires a comprehensive approach that professionals call multimodal. This means that the best outcomes are achieved when multiple interventions work together as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. The elements of a multimodal treatment approach include:
• Parent training
• Behavioral intervention strategies
• An appropriate educational program
• Education regarding AD/HD
• Medication, when necessary
Hear a special message from former Surgeon General David Satcher, MD, about the importance of treating AD/HD. Originally recorded for Congressional Black Caucus briefing, Satcher’s remarks touch on the fact that African-American children are less likely than white children to receive quality mental health care.
☺ Are between your second and fourth year of study in an undergraduate program
☺ Have normal hearing and vision
☺ Have no major developmental delays or motor problems
If this applies to you, then you may be eligible to participate in a study of:
Working Memory and Academic Achievement in College students with ADHD/ADD
Participation involves one 1 hour visit to OISE/UT
During this visit, you will:
☺Do interesting computer tasks
☺Do tests of auditory memory
☺Complete some pencil and paper questionnaires.
$35 Reimbursement is provided for participation and travel expenses.
A study looking at how clonidine effects sleep and aggressive behaviour in children with Tourette’s Syndrome and ADHD
Adolescents on Neuroleptic Medication: Is This Population at Risk for Tardive Dyskinesia?
Objective: To assess the incidence of tardive dyskinesia (TD) in a sample of adolescents treated with neuroleptic medication and to identify the presence of any risk factors for TD within the affected group.
Method: A retrospective chart review was conducted for 40 cases. The Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS) was used to measure side effects from medication at 6-month intervals over 2 years. Drug exposure was converted to chlorpromazine (CPZ) equivalents and the presence of risk factors for TD, such as a diagnosis of affective disorder, medication noncompliance, early age of illness onset, and concomitant antiparkinsonian medication, was also noted.
Results: Of the 40 cases reviewed, 2 patients (5%) met diagnostic criteria for TD, and another 5 patients (12.5%) showed symptoms of TD.
Conclusions: TD is a serious risk at any age. Medication noncompliance, early age of illness onset, and concomitant use of antiparkinsonian medication may increase susceptibility to TD and should be carefully monitored.
Tardive dyskinesia (TD), a disorder of abnormal involuntary movements, is a rare but serious side effect of prolonged exposure to typical neuroleptic medication. Risk factors associated with TD include a diagnosis of affective disorder (1), an early age of onset of psychosis (1), medication noncompliance (2), and concomitant antiparkinsonian medication (3). The incidence of TD in adult samples is reported to be 5% after 1 year of neuroleptic treatment and increasing by 5% for each year of exposure (4). Relatively few studies have investigated the development of TD in children and adolescents. A prospective, longitudinal study of neuroleptic-related dyskinesias in children with autism estimated a 50% incidence of TD and withdrawal dyskinesias (WD) after 873 days (5). Additionally, Dorevitch and others reported a prevalence rate of 17.6% in their adolescent inpatient psychiatric ward (6). Given the increasing tendency to treat children and adolescents with neuroleptic medication as well as the paucity of research available for this group, it seems important to determine the incidence of TD in this younger population.TD from withdrawal dyskinesia A clinical examination cannot distinguish between withdrawal dyskinesia and other involuntary movements
Brain Disabling Treatments in Psychiatry
Rabbit syndrome is a rare side effect of chronic neuroleptic administration
Classic disorders of the extrapyramidal system include a variety of involuntary movement disorders. Some of these movement disorders include dyskinesias such as akathisia, chorea, dystonia, myoclonus, stereotypy, tic, and tremor. Extrapyramidal dysfunction
The risk of developing a drug-induced movement disorder begins at the onset of treatment with an offending agent. Drug-induced syndromes may develop acutely, within hours or a few days, or subacutely, over several weeks. Yet others may develop after prolonged exposure to an offending agent. When a movement disorder develops six months or longer after exposure, the term "tardive" is used, implying a late or delayed onset.
Welcome to CADDAC WHO WE ARE
The Centre for ADHD/ADD Advocacy, Canada (CADDAC) is a national not-for-profit organization providing leadership in education and advocacy for ADHD organizations and individuals with ADHD across Canada. OUR MANDATE CADDAC’s mandate is to take a national, leadership role in networking all organizations, professionals, patients, caregivers and other stakeholders involved in ADHD related issues., and to then support those people through education and advocacy.
Methylphenidate belongs to the family of medications known as stimulants. It is used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy (uncontrollable need to sleep) in children over 6 years old and adults. It helps to increase attention and decrease restlessness in children and adults who have been diagnosed with ADHD. Other measures (e.g., psychological, educational, and social therapies) are used along with methylphenidate as part of an overall treatment program for ADHD. This medication also helps to stimulate people with narcolepsy so that they do not fall asleep at inappropriate times.
Your doctor may have suggested this medication for conditions other than the ones listed in these drug information articles. If you have not discussed this with your doctor or are not sure why you are taking this medication, speak to your doctor. Do not stop taking this medication without consulting your doctor.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is defined by two broad groups of behavioural problems: inattentiveness, and a combination of hyperactivity and impulsiveness. Common symptoms within these groups include a short attention span, restlessness, being easily distracted, and constant fidgeting. Watch this... Video
Stimulants for ADHD should not be used in children under six years of age. Adverse reactions include: nervousness and insomnia, hypersensitivity, anorexia, nausea, dizziness, headaches, drowsiness, blood pressure and pulse changes, tachycardia, angina, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, weight loss and toxic psychosis. Some children have developed the involuntary tics and twitching called Tourette's disorder.
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) can cause headaches, nausea, anxiety and agitation, insomnia and bizarre dreams, loss of appetite, impotence, confusion and akathisia. It is estimated that between 10% and 25% of SSRI users experience akathisia, often in conjunction with suicidal thoughts, hostility and violent behavior.
MAOIs (eg, phenelzine) because severe high blood pressure may occur
Clonidine because serious side effects may occur
Pressor agents (eg, norepinephrine) because the risk of high blood pressure may be increased
Anticoagulants (eg, warfarin), certain anticonvulsants (eg, phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone), phenylbutazone, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (eg, fluoxetine), or tricyclic antidepressants (eg, imipramine) because the risk of their side effects may be increased by Methylphenidate Extended-Release Capsules
To report a suspected adverse reaction to ADHD drugs, please contact the Canadian Adverse Drug Reaction Monitoring Program (CADRMP) of Health Canada by one of the following methods:
Telephone: 866-234-2345 Facsimile: 866-678-6789
Neuroleptic agents or drugs (i.e. "neuroleptics"), also called anti-psychotics or major tranquilizers, remain the treatment of choice for schizophrenia, certain organic central nervous system disorders, mental illnesses, and associated psychotic processes today. Currently, it is estimated that over 95% of schizophrenics are chronically maintained on neuroleptics having pharmacological actions similar to the action of chlorpromazine, an aliphatic phenothiazine derivative which is also known generically as Thorazine.
Although the known anti-psychotic drugs have clear efficacy in the treatment of mental illness, they also have a variety of neurological side effects. The most clinically significant side effects are a host of movement disorders that are categorized based on extrapyramidal signs (EPS). Extrapyramidal signs include diverse symptoms such as Parkinsonism, akathesia, dystonia, torticollis, and oculogyric crisis. While these symptoms typically dissipate if drugs are withdrawn, psychotic relapse almost always occurs after the cessation of drug treatment. However, it has been found that pharmacological treatment with anti-cholinergic drugs is effective in treating EPS. Thus, the addition of anti-cholinergic agents such as cogentin or artane allows anti-psychotic medications to be maintained while many EPS are effectively treated.
Unfortunately, one type of EPS, a clinical manifestation called tardive dyskinesia (TD), is not amenable to any of the above-mentioned treatments. Through the years, it has become increasingly clear that a significant minority of the patients using neuroleptic drugs gradually develop TD which is a disfiguring movement disorder. Recent epidemiological studies have indicated serious rates of incidence of TD. For example, it is a conservative estimate that about 20% of all patients receiving anti-psychotic drugs and up to 70% of at-risk patients (e.g. elderly females) develop TD. The symptoms of TD most typically include involuntary movements of the facial and buccoloingual muscles. In some cases, the limbs, trunk, and even the respiratory apparatus can be affected. TD, unlike other EPS, is unresponsive to known pharmacological treatments.In addition, the severity of the symptoms of TD does not diminish with time. Indeed, the anti-cholinergic drugs which are used to alleviate other EPS syndromes actually increase the probability of inducing TD in patients treated with these drugs
Perphenazine Drug Information Provided by Lexi-Comp
Antipsychotics (Conventional and Atypical): Association With an Increased Risk of Mortality in Elderly Patients Treated for Dementia-Related Psychosis - June 2008
MOTOR SYSTEMS II: THE BASAL GANGLIA studies show evidence of oxidative damage and decreased ..... effects and long-term additional drug-induced problems:
ADHDAttention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a condition of the brain that makes it hard for children to control their behavior. It is one of the most common chronic conditions of childhood. All children have behavior problems at times. Children with ADHD have frequent, severe problems that interfere with their ability to live normal lives.The human nervous system - structure and function
Polypharmacy and Combination Pharmacotherapy in Psychiatry , Part 2. ...Psychiatric Medication mixing in clincial practice... what is safe and what may not.
Ever wondered what the short term and long term side effects of stimulants are on your child? Stimulants are the treatment of choice for many doctors who treat children with ADHD but that does not mean they are totally safe. In fact, many complications and dangerous side effects have been reported with the use of stimulants.
The problems with psychostimulants are that they are not a cure-all and do not help your child achieve permanent recovery. Many parents mistakenly believe that they can get rid of their child's ADHD if they give them psychostimulants. Some children may benefit from them and others may not. Some children may simply be unable to take them because they suffer from too many dangerous side effects.
Stimulants only suppress the symptoms of the problem and do not treat the underlying cause. If your child stops taking them, the symptoms will return. The short term side effects of stimulants include but are not limited to mood swings, anxiety, insomnia, headache, decreased appetite, and stomachache.
Other problems with psychostimulants include the fact that they interact dangerously with certain drugs. For example, some doctors prescribe a high blood pressure medication called clonidine for ADHD treatment but since it doesn't treat all symptoms of ADHD it is often prescribed along with a psychostimulant. These two drugs combined can be very dangerous and there have been four sudden deaths reported from taking this combination.
The long term side effects of stimulants are unknown but some of the early findings are alarming to say the least. Studies show that children who take stimulants are more likely to have substance abuse problems in adulthood. Studies also show that stimulants may cause permanent brain changes, perhaps suppressing your child's real personality. Read On
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most frequent mental disorders found in children. Children with ADHD have difficulty functioning normally in various environments, including home, school, and even personal relationships with others their own age. Common symptoms of ADHD are impulsiveness, hyperactivity, and inattention or lack of the ability to focus.
ADHD should only be diagnosed by a professional with specific training such as a child psychiatrist, psychologists, behavioral neurologists. A diagnosis should only be made after all other possible explanations for the child’s behavior have been ruled out, school and medical records are reviewed, and interviews are conducted with teachers and the child’s parents.
Stimulant drugs, Adderall, Ritalin, and Concentra for example, are often prescribed to treat ADHD. Such drugs have a short-term effectiveness of reducing symptoms between 60 to 80 percent in high school children. The previously mentioned medications improve the child’s ability to focus and reduce hyperactivity in order to facilitate learning and working.
In June of 2005 the FDA announced it would investigate all ADHD drugs including Ritalin, Concerta, Strattera and Adderall. If your child is taking these drugs you should be aware of serious side effects associated with them. These drugs do have real benefits for children with ADHD, but there are serious risks involved such as strokes, heart attacks, and sudden death.
Adderall-
Generic name: Amphetamine, Dextroamphetamine
Date Approved: November 8, 2002
Manufacturer: Shire Pharmaceuticals Status: February 9, 2006 Black box warning
Approved Uses: ADHD, ADD Serious Side Effects: Sudden death, Heart-related death, Strokes, Psychosis
Adderall was approved by the FDA on November 8, 2002 for the treatment of ADHD. It combines four drugs of the amphetamine family, and was originally marketed under the name of Obetrol for weight loss and diet control.
Common side effects of Adderall are insomnia, headache, dizziness, dryness of the mouth, weight loss, and restlessness. More serious side effects are strokes, psychosis and even death. When taken by people that don’t have ADHD, it has a high potential for substance abuse and addiction.
Ritalin-
Generic name: Methylphenidate
Date Approved: 1960s
Manufacturer: Novartis Pharmaceuticals Status: February 9, 2006 Black box warning
Approved Uses: ADHD, ADD Serious Side Effects:
Sudden death, Heart attack, Stroke
Tachycardia, Chest pain, Hypertension
Ritalin, a product of Novartis Pharmaceuticals, was approved by the FDA in the 1960’s. Ritalin’s generic form Methylphenidate is the most commonly prescribed drug to treat ADHD.
Ritalin affects children in a similar manner to the way Cocaine affects adults. It sharpens short-term attention, and then results in a low when it wears off. Abnormalities in brain development have been attributed to long term use, similar to abnormalities caused by cocaine. Ritalin is available in short term doses that are affective for two to four hours, while other tablets may be affective as long as eight hours.
Side affects of Ritalin include nervousness, dizziness, abdominal pain, headaches, weight loss, and cardiac arrhythmia. Serious side effects are heart attack, stroke, chest pain, hypertension, tachycardia, and death.
Concerta-
Generic name: Methylphenidate
Date Approved: August 1, 2000
Manufacturer: Johnson & Johnson
Status: June 29, 2005 label update; February 9, 2006 Black box warning
Approved Uses: ADHD
Serious Side Effects: Suicidal thoughts, Aggression, Psychotic behavior, Hypertension
Hallucinations, Chest pain, Arrhythmia, Tachycardia
Concentra was approved for the treatment of ADHD by the FDA on August 1, 2000. In 2004 Concentra was prescribed to 7.8 million people.
Noted side effects of Concentra include upper respiratory tract infections, vomiting, sleeplessness, sore throat, diziness, headache, stomach ache, loss of appetitie, and increased cough. Reduced stature, tics, psychosis, moodiness, sucicidal thought, arrhtyhmia, tachyardia, and aggression are other noted side effects.
Concentra tablets that last up to 12 hours are available, making it the longest acting ADHD Drug. The medical community is not yet certain what effects methylphendiate, found in Ritalin and Concentra, has after consistent prolonged hours in the bloodstream.
ADHD Drugs and Fatalities-
The FDA has received reports establishing an association between ADHD medications and sudden death, strokes, hypertension, and heart attacks in both adults and children. In February of 2006, 81 deaths resulting from the use of ADHD drugs were reported to the FDA. Between 1999 and 2003, 45 non-fatal cardiovascualr events related to ADHD drugs were reported. It was recommended that black-box warnings be attached to all packaging of stimulant drugs like Adderal, Ritalin, and Concentra.
Parents need to be well infromed of the harsh side effects of ADHD medications Adderall, Ritalin, and Concentra before allowing their child to be prescribed these drugs. Studies have demonstrated devistating reactions in young children, and it is not known if previously mentioned medications have adverse effects on the development of a young child’s brain. Furthermore, all ADHD medications are closely related to illegal drugs including dextroamphetamine (Dexedriene or dexies); methamphetamines (crystal meth); and cocaine. It is in a parent’s best intrests to seek drug-free alternative treatment before allowing a doctor to push such drugs on their child.
Adderall, Ritalin, or Concentra could be the cause of any cardiovascular problems you or your child may have experienced including heart attack, stroke, palpitations, arrhythmia, or hypertension.
ALEVE (NAPROXEN)
Generic name: Naproxen
Date Approved: 1994 in non-prescription form Manufacturer: Bayer
Status: On the market
Approved Uses: Treating mild to moderate pain, anti-inflammatory Serious Side Effects: Increased risk of heart attack, Increased risk of stroke, Bleeding stomach ulcers
Aleve was the first non-prescription product to be added to the FDA’s list of pain relievers that increase the likelihood of a heart attack or stroke. Announcements made by federal health officials to this effect have been labeled cautionary
Aleve, like Vioxx, Celebrex, and Bextra, is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug or NSAID. All of these drugs are part of a new group of NSAIDs referred to as COX-2 inhibitors that greatly increase the risk of cardiovascular complications. These drugs are used to relieve pain associated with arthritis and chronic joint conditions. While Aleve became available in 1994, the prescription strength version Naprosyn has been available since 1976.
On December 20, 2004, the FDA working with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) decided to end clinical studies using NSAIDs such as Aleve in patients at risk for Alzheimer’s. Early stages of the study demonstrated certain evidence of increased risk of cardiovascular events, strokes and heart attacks. At the same time, the FDA strongly recommends patients currently taking Aleve to carefully follow dosage instructions indicated on the label. Patients should not take more than the 220 milligrams twice daily for a period longer than 10 days.
The following movement disorders may be caused by your antipsychotic drugs:
The term “tardive dyskinesia” (TD) has been used in the medical literature to refer to any abnormal involuntary movement, usually stereotypic, resulting from exposure to at least one DRBD (for at least 3 months) and persisting (for at least 1 month) even after the offending drug has been discontinued. The frequency of TD has been reported to vary between 0.5 and 56% in patients receiving antipsychotic medications, with an average estimate at approximately 25%. This marked variability is due to differences in diagnostic criteria for TD, patient populations, types of medication, and methods of ascertainment. The risk of TD increases with age and with the dose of DRBD and is particularly high in non-whites and elderly women. In contrast, persistent tardive syndromes are uncommon in children.
The most common type of involuntary movement associated with TD is classified as stereotypy and can be defined as “an involuntary, coordinated, patterned, repetitive, rhythmic, ritualistic, purposeless (but seemingly purposeful) movement, posture or utterance”. Simple stereotypies involve only one body part, such as the mouth or hand, whereas complex stereotypies affect more than one body region and may involve the whole body. What is tardive dyskinesia and what causes it?
In human anatomy, the extrapyramidal system is a neural network located in the brainthat is part of the motor system involved in the coordination of movement. The system is called "extrapyramidal" to distinguish it from the tracts of the motor cortex that reach their targets by traveling through the "pyramids" of the medulla. The pyramidal pathways (corticospinal and some corticobulbar tracts) may directly innervate motor neurons of the spinal cord or brainstem (anterior horn cells or certain cranial nerve nuclei), whereas the extrapyramidal system centers around the modulation and regulation (indirect control) of anterior horn cells.
Extrapyramidal tracts are chiefly found in the reticular formation of the pons and medulla, and target neurons in the spinal cord involved in reflexes, locomotion, complex movements, and postural control. These tracts are in turn modulated by various parts of the central nervous system, including the nigrostriatal pathway, the basal ganglia, the cerebellum, the vestibular nuclei, and different sensory areas of the cerebral cortex. All of these regulatory components can be considered part of the extrapyramidal system, in that they modulate motor activity without directly innervating motor neurons.
Extrapyramidal symptoms
The extrapyramidal system can be affected in a number of ways, which are revealed in a range of extrapyramidal symptoms such as akinesia (inability to initiate movement) and akathisia (inability to remain motionless).
Extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) are the various movement disorders such as tardive dyskinesia suffered as a result of taking dopamine antagonists, usually antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs, which are often used to control psychosis, especially schizophrenia. Other antidopaminergic drugs like the antiemetic metoclopramide or the tricyclic antidepressant amoxapine can also cause extrapyramidal side effects.
Disorders
The best known EPS is tardive dyskinesia (involuntary, irregular muscle movements, usually in the face). Other common EPS include akathisia (restlessness), dystonia (muscular spasms of neck - torticollis, eyes - oculogyric crisis, tongue, or jaw; more frequent in children), drug-induced parkinsonism (muscular lead-pipe rigidity, bradykinesia/akinesia, resting tremor, postural instability; more frequent in adults and the elderly),
Although Parkinson's Disease is primarily a disease of the nigrostriatal pathway and not the extrapyramidal system, loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra leads to dysregulation of the extrapyramidal system. Since this system regulates posture and skeletal muscle tone, a result is the characteristic bradykinesia of Parkinson's.
Extrapyramidal symptoms can also be caused by brain damage, as in athetotic cerebral palsy, which is involuntary writhing movements caused by prenatal or perinatal brain damage.
Evidence of Neuroleptic Drug-Induced Brain Damage in Patients:
A partial, Annotated Bibliography
by Vera Hassner Sharav
ALLIANCE FOR HUMAN RESEARCH PROTECTION (AHRP)
For distribution: January, 2000
Although patients, families and the public were not informed - some would argue they were deceived - clinical psychiatrists and researchers have long known about severe adverse drug reactions (ADR) and disabling changes in the central nervous system in a high percentage of patients taking standard neuroleptic drugs. Foremost among these is "tardive dyskinesia" (TD), an often irreversible, disfiguring disorder of the central nervous system resulting in a variety of involuntary movements, particularly of the tongue, lips, and jaw. muscle movements which affects 40% to 60% of patients taking neuroleptics. Recent research findings corroborate earlier reports (since 1970) linking TD to a deterioration of cognitive functions (see below).
Other severe ADRs include: "extrapyramidal symptoms" (EPS), Parkinson-like, impaired motor coordination; sedation; extreme restlessness ("akathesia"); reduced cognitive function;as well as cardiovascular effects, orthostatic hypotension, abnormal liver changes, anticholinergic side effects, sexual dysfunction, and weight gain. Psychotic relapse has been linked to long-term neuroleptic treatment --referred to as, "supersensitivity psychosis." Additionally, there is a one percent risk of "neuroleptic malignant syndrome" (NMS), a potentially fatal side effect. These, and a host of other adverse side effects, cause most schizophrenia patients to stop taking these drugs.
In an article written in 1986, Tardive Dyskinesia: Barriers to the Professional Recognition of Iatrogenic Disease, [Journal of Health and Social Behavior,1986, 27: 116-132], Brown and Funk stated: "tardive dyskinesia (TD), once regarded by psychiatrists as a rare syndrome, is currently recognized as the second most pervasive side effect following sedation of antipsychotic drugs." Although evidence linking TD to neuroleptic drugs had been shown since 1957, Brown and Funk point out that the recognition of TD as a side effect had been "a slow and uneven process, involving psychiatric resistance....Even when physicians believe that patients should be informed about the risks of TD, usually only incomplete information is given, not all patients at risk are informed...." And, they noted, "psychiatrists who are critical of the profession's lax treatment of the problem argue that if doctors were really concerned, they would reduce their use of neuroleptics and reduce dosages when drugs are employed..." and they would fully disclose the risks of TD to their patients.
But a review of the history of TD demonstrates clearly that despite the evidence physicians' disclosure and practice with respect to neuroleptic drugs has remained unchanged, and TD afflicts ever more patients, especially after long-term exposure-estimates range between 40% to 60%. The APA has opposed written informed consent from patients.
Van Putten T, Marder SR (1987) Behavioral toxicity of antipsychotic drugs. J Clin Psychiatry 1987 Sep;48 Suppl:13-9
Extrapyramidal symptoms cause much misery, often go undiagnosed, and can interfere with treatment and rehabilitation. Akinesia is a behavioral state of diminished motoric and psychic spontaneity that is difficult to distinguish from the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. The most useful clinical correlates of akinesia are a subjective sense of sedation and excessive sleeping. Akinesia interferes with social adjustment and may manifest as "postpsychotic depression." The subjective restlessness of akathisia is usually accompanied by telltale foot movements: rocking from foot to foot while standing or walking on the spot. Akathisia is strongly associated with depression and dysphoric responses to neuroleptics and has even been linked to suicidal and homicidal behavior in extreme cases. READ MORE
Recent Findings Corroborate high incidence of drug-induced movement disorders:
Drug-Induced Movement Disorders rigorously analyzes established and emerging facts surrounding drug-induced dystonia.
Extrapyramidal Side Effects and Tardive Dyskinesia. Would You Recognize Them If You See Them? Anti-emetic, anti-spasmodic and prokinetic medications commonly used in gastroenterology are neuroleptics, a class of drugs which includes anti-psychotics used for schizophrenia. These medications are capable of causing serious and potentially permanent side effects. The manifestation of neuroleptic drug side effects may range from dramatic and debilitating to very subtle. It has been demonstrated repeatedly that these side effects often go unrecognized.
Watch this... psychiatrist explains how ADHD affects children’s behaviour and the treatments available. See also how parents Paul and Helen manage their son's ADHD
A psychiatrist explains how ADHD affects children’s
Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome or NMS a neuroleptic induced movement disorder is described... its one of the only life threatening emergencies in psychiatry, its a neurotoxic reaction to too much antipsychotic medication that is fatal.
A neurologic induced movement disorder caused by antipsychotic medication that is reversible. Its also called EPS, parkinsonism, or extrapyramidal side effects.
A neurologic side effect of antipsychotic medication, another neuroleptic induced movement disorder that is reversible by lowering the dose of the anitpsychotic or changing to another one that does not cause this terrible feeling subjectively of restlessness and objective evidence like pacing the units cant sit still.
The four dopamine tracts in the brain are described: nigrostriatal, tubuloinfindibular, mesocortical and mesolimbic--these are essentially where the antipsychotic medications work. The older ones are non -specific and block dopamine at all 4 tracts whereas the newer atypicals like clozapine are very specific going straight to the one where the voices/paranoia/hallucinations originate in the brain.
Answers About Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: ADHD
ADD and ADHD are abbreviations for "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". ADHD is one of the most common "childhood behavior disorders," and we have 300 pages of information, tips, and strategies on Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder to answer you questions!
Ask the Psychiatric Pharmacist
NAMI is pleased to be working with the College of Psychiatric and Neurological Pharmacists to bring you a new series called Ask the Psychiatric Pharmacist.
Luvox (fluvoxamine) A life-threatening condition called serotonin syndrome can happen when medicines called selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), such as Luvox®, and medicines used to treat migraine headaches known “triptans” (e.g. sumatriptan/ Imitrex®) are used together. Signs and symptoms of serotonin syndrome may include: restlessness, hallucinations, loss of coordination, fast heart beat, increased body temperature, fast changes in blood pressure, overactive reflexes, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting and coma. Read More
Zyprexa (olanzapine)Children Taking antidepressants may increase suicidal thoughts and actions in about 1 out of 50 people 18 years or younger. Although it is prescribed for children, FDA has not approved it for use in children.
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Behavioral Techniques for Children Modeling behavior by encouraging good behavior with healthy praise or rewards. This works best if the reward or praise immediately follows the positive behavior. Learning behavior management techniques is considered to be an essential part of any successful ADHD treatment program.
Attention Magazine
The December issue is here! You won’t want to miss the comments on the future of AD/HD research from some of the world’s leading researchers. Advances in science hold so much promise for people living with the disorder. And no matter how you’re affected by AD/HD, Attention has tips for you on how to cope with the frenzy and find the joy in the holiday season. Other articles feature virtual high schools and a conversation with an expert on diet and AD/HD. Learn More...
Adderall-Induced Psychosis in an Adolescent: Of all possible childhood disorders, attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) accounts for more than any mental health, special education, and behavioral referrals in pediatric medicine. 1 Behavioral modification techniques and stimulant medications are the mainstay of current ADHDtherapy. Adderall, which is a mixture of 75% of the d-isomer of amphetamine and 25% of the lisomer, is one of the stimulants approved by the Food and Drug Administration for such therapy.
FDA Issues Complete Response Letter for RISPERDAL® CONSTA® for Adjunctive Maintenance Treatment of Bipolar Disorder Warning!! 'Drug Cocktails' Some of the disorders are actually the result of the drug itself, she said. For example, a child usually receives a first diagnosis of ADHD and is given Ritalin. If ineffective, the dosage is increased, leading to motor ticks, a known side effect of the drug. Instead of reducing the dosage, the child is then diagnosed with a further disorder of Tourette's syndrome and given another drug.
McKay believes these children are not psychotic but are victims of neglect or abuse, whose anger or agitation are normal responses. She called the drugs "chemical straitjackets" and a "gross violation of children's human rights."
"It's like turning [children] into zombies" since the drugs are "basically lobotomizing agents," said McKay. "It constitutes criminal assault to forcibly give them these drugs that have such a devastating effect on their brain chemistry and learning ability."
The main aim of treatment is to stop or minimize the use of the antipsychotic medication. However, this option is not always possible as patients with psychiatric disorders cannot simply stop taking their medication. Switching to a new antipsychotic medication or lowering the dosage level to reduce movements may help some patients.
Mayo Clinic: The new research tracked children throughout their childhoods. Mayo Clinic researchers reviewed medical and school records of all children born in Rochester, Minn., from 1976 to 1982 and identified 379 children diagnosed with ADHD. Children with ADHD were tracked from birth to almost age 18.
We found that 73 percent of all treatment episodes with stimulant medications were associated with a favorable response. The results were similar for girls and boys, and for children who were both inattentive and hyperactive. This study suggests that stimulant medications work as well in community settings as they do in structured clinical trials.
Deciding which medicine to use to treat your child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder used to be easy. The big choice was whether to use generic or brand name Ritalin.
Canadian Regulators Withdraw ADD Drug Linked to 20 Sudden Deaths Thu, 10 Feb 2005 Canadian regulators - but not the FDA - have withdrawn a Adderall, a pssychostimulant drug prescribed for children with so-called ADHD that has been linked to 20 sudden deaths linked to the drug - of which 14 were in children. "The adverse reactions were not associated with overdose, misuse or abuse of the drug, the department said."
ADHD - 56:56 - Jun 23, 2007 Fred A Baughman, Jr., MD - www.adhdfraud.com
ADHD by Fred A. Baughman, Jr., MD, Neurologist, Child Neurologist
A 5 Star Video Click Play
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(produced from video of the 1998, NIH Consensus Conference on ADHD which concluded with a confession that there was no proof that ADHD was a...all (produced from video of the 1998, NIH Consensus Conference on ADHD which concluded with a confession that there was no proof that ADHD was a real disease--running time 56 minute. ) by Fred A. Baughman, Jr., MD, Neurologist, Child Neurologist, author of the book: THE ADHD FRAUD--How Psychiatry Makes "Patients" of Normal Children (2006) . www.Trafford.com Biographical Sketch – 6/22/07 Mailing address: 1303 Hidden Mountain Drive El Cajon, CA 92019 fax 619 440 8236 www.adhdfraud.com Contact: Fred Baughman, MD fredbaughmanmd@cox.net Author: The ADHD Fraud: How Psychiatry Makes "Patients" of Normal Children
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Finally. Honest, Objective TV News about vitamins, alternative medicines, legislation and medical freedom of choice. Every Week on Nationwide Television...if you help us!
NEW YORK - Children should be screened for heart problems with an electrocardiogram before getting drugs like Ritalin to treat hyperactivity and attention-deficit disorder ADHD medicine may affect kids' hearts April 21: The American Heart Association has issued a warning that the 2.5 million children who take stimulant medications to treat ADHD should be screened for heart problems. NBC's Robert Bazell reports.
Video
Safe and effective way to treat ADHD in children: Treating ADHD: Drugs or Therapy Work By Kathleen Doheny WebMD Health NewsReviewed by Louise Chang, MD July 20, 2007 -- Three years after starting treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), children continue to experience improvement in their symptoms regardless of which treatment they use, a major follow-up study shows. But the advantage of medication, shown to be superior to other treatments in previous follow-ups, seems to wear off. And some improvement in symptoms may occur naturally, independently of treatment. Study Shows Improvement in ADHD Symptoms With Medication or Behavior Therapy
Henry Joseph Hasson, MD Pediatric Neurologist at Children's Hospital at Montefiore DrMDK.com ... Movement Disorders ... Tourette's Syndromeattention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can be confusing and even agonizing. Parents need to weigh the benefits of taking stimulants—improved performance at school and home—with any risks when deciding about medications. Consider the following when making your decision:
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder exists in the public imagination as a childhood issue. Yet the diagnosis of ADHD is increasingly applied to adults. What are the symptoms of ADHD in adults? Is it treated with the same techniques used for children? Join our experts as they take an in-depth look at ADHD in adults and discuss treatment options.
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HEALTH CANADA ADVISORYSeptember 21, 2006Health Canada has issued new information concerning medications used for ADHD. To read the full Health Canada Advisory, visit Health Canada's web site at http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca.A previous advisory on ADHD medications was issued on May 26, 2006.To read the full Health Canada Advisory, visit Health Canada's web site at www.hc-sc.gc.ca. Side Effects of Methylphenidate: Contact your doctor if you experience these side effects and they are severe or bothersome. Your pharmacist may be able to advise you on managing side effects.Although most of the side effects listed below don't happen very often, they could lead to serious problems if you do not seek medical attention.Check with your doctor as soon as possible if any of the following side effects occur:
agitation, nervousness, or anxiety
diarrhea
dizziness or drowsiness
dry mouth
headache
heartburn
loss of appetite
nausea or vomiting
skin rash or itching (mild)
stomach pain
trouble sleeping
weight loss
chest pain
confusion
hallucinations (hearing, seeing, or feeling things that are not actually there) or abnormal thoughts or behaviour
increased blood pressure
muscle twitching or tics
palpitations (feeling your heart beat quickly or irregularly)
pinpoint-sized red spots on skin or unusual bruising
prickling or tingling sensations in the hands, arms, feet, or legs
sore throat and fever
sudden high fever
sweating
symptoms of depression (e.g., losing interest in your usual activities, feeling sad, having thoughts of suicide - see below)
symptoms of liver damage (e.g., yellow skin or eyes, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, pale stools, dark urine)
tics or symptoms of Tourette's syndrome (involuntary, sudden body movements or uncontrolled vocal outbursts)
Once diagnosed, most people respond quickly to treatment
First things first, ADHD is real: It is a neurological condition that makes it exceptionally hard for people to sit still or concentrate on important tasks, and it affects 3% to 5% of Americans—both children and adults. Read More
Treating ADHD With Medications
Jim Chandler, M.D.
Yarmouth, Nova Scotia2002
ADHD is be the most studied disorder in child psychiatry. There are two major types of interventions, medical and non–medical.
There is no doubt that medical interventions for ADHD are effective; medications are more effective than any other intervention. Adding non–medical interventions to carefully prescribed medications doesn't work any better than medications alone. Medications are also effective when there is comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, or Anxiety Disorder. (25, 26)
Medications have side effects. Given the seriousness of ADHD by the time it is diagnosed and the safety of these medications, concern about side effects isn't a reason not to use medications. Since the risk of serious side effects is very low, and the risk of the disorder causing severe problems for the child is quite high, the balance favors using medications.
The main reason not to use medications has nothing to do with the medications themselves but with how much parents hate the idea of giving their children psychiatric drugs. I believe there are three types of parents:
You may want to have your child tested by a psychologist for any learning disabilities.
If your child's performance at school and his or her relationships are affected, you may want to consider stimulant medications because they are the most effective treatment for ADHD, resulting in a dramatic improvement in behavior and other symptoms in about 70% of people with ADHD.1
Stimulants will help curb symptoms of ADHD—hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention—but they will not solve all of your child's behavior problems.
Although short-term studies have shown stimulant medications are safe, long-term effects have not been studied. A recent 2-year study found that children grow almost 0.5 in. per year slower than those children who are not on medication, although it is possible that your child might catch up over a period of time.2
You may want to try the new nonstimulant medication atomoxetine
(Strattera) if stimulant medications are not effective or have lasting side effects.
Brand Names: Concerta, Metadate CD, Metadate ER, Methylin, Methylin ER, Ritalin, Ritalin LA, Ritalin-SRWhat is Ritalin?Ritalin is a mild central nervous system stimulant. It affects chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control.Ritalin is used to treat attention deficit disorder (ADD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and narcolepsy (an uncontrollable desire to sleep). When given for attention deficit disorder, Ritalin should be an integral part of a total treatment program that includes psychological, educational, and social measures.Ritalin may also be used for other purposes not listed in this medication guide.What is the most important information I should know about Ritalin?Do not use Ritalin if you have used an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), tranylcypromine (Parnate), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), or selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam) within the past 14 days. Serious, life-threatening side effects can occur if you use Ritalin before the MAO inhibitor has cleared from your body. Do not use Ritalin if you are allergic to methylphenidate or if you have glaucoma, tics (muscle twitches) or Tourette's syndrome, depression, or severe anxiety, tension, or agitation (Ritalin can make these symptoms worse). Ritalin may be habit-forming and should be used only by the person it was prescribed for. Ritalin should never be shared with another person, especially someone who has a history of drug abuse or addiction. Keep the medication in a secure place where others cannot get to it.What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking Ritalin?Do not take Ritalin if you have used an MAO inhibitor such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), tranylcypromine (Parnate), phenelzine (Nardil), rasagiline (Azilect), or selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam) within the past 14 days. Serious, life-threatening side effects can occur if you use Ritalin before the MAO inhibitor has cleared from your body.Do not use Ritalin if you are allergic to methylphenidate or if you have:
glaucoma;
a personal or family history of tics (muscle twitches) or Tourette's syndrome; or
severe anxiety, tension, or agitation (Ritalin can make these symptoms worse).
Some stimulants have caused sudden death in children and adolescents with serious heart problems or congenital heart defects.Before using Ritalin, tell your doctor if you are allergic to any drugs, or if you have:
heart failure, heart rhythm disorder, or recent heart attack;
a personal or family history of mental illness, psychotic disorder, bipolar illness, depression, or suicide attempt;
epilepsy or other seizure disorder; or
a history of drug or alcohol addiction.
If you have any of these conditions, you may not be able to use Ritalin, or you may need a dose adjustment or special tests during treatment.FDA pregnancy category C. Ritalin may be harmful to an unborn baby. Tell your doctor if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant during treatment. It is not known whether Ritalin passes into breast milk or if it could harm a nursing baby. Do not use Ritalin without telling your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.Long-term use of Ritalin can slow a child's growth. Tell your doctor if the child using Ritalin is not growing or gaining weight properly.Do not give Ritalin to a child younger than 6 years old without the advice of a doctor.How should I take Ritalin?Take Ritalin exactly as it was prescribed for you. Do not take the medication in larger amounts, or take it for longer than recommended by your doctor. Follow the directions on your prescription label.Take this medication at least 30 minutes before a meal. The extended-release form of methylphenidate (Ritalin-SR) can be taken with or without food. Do not crush, chew, break, or open an extended-release tablet or capsule. Swallow the pill whole. It is specially made to release medicine slowly in the body. Breaking or opening the pill would cause too much of the drug to be released at one time.If you have trouble swallowing the extended-release capsule, you may open the capsule and sprinkle the medicine into a spoonful of applesauce to make swallowing easier. Swallow this mixture right away without chewing. Do not save the mixture for later use. Discard the empty capsule.To prevent sleep problems, take this medication early in the day, no later than 6:00 pm.Store Ritalin at room temperature away from moisture and heat. Keep track of how many pills have been used from each new bottle of this medicine. Ritalin is a drug of abuse and you should be aware if any person in the household is using this medicine improperly or without a prescription.What happens if I miss a dose?Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and take the medicine at your next regularly scheduled time. Do not take extra medicine to make up the missed dose.What happens if I overdose?Seek emergency medical attention if you think you have used too much of this medicine. An overdose of Ritalin can be fatal.Overdose symptoms may include vomiting, agitation, tremors, muscle twitching, seizure (convulsions), confusion, hallucinations, sweating, fast or pounding heartbeat, blurred vision, dry mouth and nose, and fainting.What should I avoid while taking Ritalin?Ritalin can cause side effects that may impair your vision or reactions. Be careful if you drive or do anything that requires you to be awake and alert.Ritalin side effectsGet emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficulty breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat.Stop taking Ritalin and call your doctor at once if you have any of these serious side effects:
fast, pounding, or uneven heartbeats;
feeling like you might pass out;
fever, sore throat, and headache with a severe blistering, peeling, and red skin rash;
aggression, restlessness, hallucinations, unusual behavior, or motor tics (muscle twitches);
easy bruising, purple spots on your skin; or
dangerously high blood pressure (severe headache, blurred vision, buzzing in your ears, anxiety, confusion, chest pain, shortness of breath, uneven heartbeats, seizure).
Less serious side effects may include:
vision problems;
mild skin rash;
dizziness;
nervous feeling, sleep problems (insomnia);
nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite; or
weight loss.
This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. Tell your doctor about any unusual or bothersome side effect.What other drugs will affect Ritalin?Before taking Ritalin, tell your doctor if you are using any of the following drugs:
seizure medicine such as phenytoin (Dilantin), phenobarbital (Luminal), primidone (Mysoline); or
an antidepressant such as amitriptyline (Elavil, Etrafon), citalopram (Celexa), clomipramine (Anafranil), desipramine (Norpramin), doxepin (Sinequan), fluoxetine (Prozac, Sarafem), fluvoxamine (Luvox), imipramine (Janimine, Tofranil), paroxetine (Paxil), sertraline (Zoloft), and others.
This list is not complete and there may be other drugs that can interact with Ritalin. Tell your doctor about all the prescription and over-the-counter medications you use. This includes vitamins, minerals, herbal products, and drugs prescribed by other doctors. Do not start using a new medication without telling your doctor.
Helping you get informed! We do not promote or discriminate the use of medication!
Video CHADD AD/HD is Real. Help is Available
A leading expert in Congress on childhood mental health issues joins forces with CHADD to raise awareness about AD/HD in this special video. Rep. Sheila Jackson-Lee and Karran Harper Royal talk about the difference between getting treated and falling through the cracks. The video was sent to House staffers a few days before CHADD members took an important message to Capitol Hill: AD/HD is Real. Help is Available.
ADHD in School For children with ADHD, school behavior and academic success are important measures of how well treatment is working. Join Dr. Peter Jensen as he discusses how you and your child's doctor can keep track of what's going on in school and how teachers can help.Keywords: ADHD, ADD, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, attention deficit disorder, school, performance, kids, children, teacher, parents, father, mother, treatment, medication, therapy, behavior therapy, tips, advice, doctor, pediatrician, good grades, support, Ritalin, Concerta, communication
Dear Health Care Professional" Alert on Haldol, September 17, 2007. Information for Healthcare Professionals Haloperidol (marketed as Haldol, Haldol Decanoate and Haldol Lactate) FDA ALERT [9/2007]: This Alert highlights revisions to the labeling for haloperidol (marketed as Haldol, Haldol Decanoate and Haldol Lactate). The updated labeling includes WARNINGS stating that Torsades de Pointes and QT prolongation have been observed in patients receiving haloperidol, especially when the drug is administered intravenously or in higher doses than recommended. Haloperidol is not approved for intravenous use
Cytogenetic effects in children treated with methylphenidate, by Randa A. El-Zeina, Sherif Z. Abdel-Rahmanb, Matthew J. Hay, Mirtha S. Lopez, Melissa L. Bondy, Debra L. Morris, Marvin S. Legator in Cancer Letters 2 xx (2005) 1–8, documenting a 3, 4.3 and 2.4-fold increase in chromosome aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges and micronuclei frequencies in the pediatric use of Ritalin.
April 19, 2004, FDA Warning Letter to Janssen about its previous Dear Health Care Provider being "false or misleading," which resulted in the July 21, 2004 letter.
Note: the information presented in this website is not to be construed as medical advice. Medical advice can only be provided by licensed medical doctors. The owners of this website accept no liability arising from the use of this website or the information contained herein or via link from other websites.
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A Doctor who speaks in his opinion while using comedy
